Science Notes On Chemistry: Mixtures
Most of the natural substances around us, such as sea water and the air, are mixtures. A mixture is a combination of different substances that can be separated because they have different physical properties - such as different boiling points.
What's In A Mixture?
Some mixtures contain two or more elements (substances made up of only one type of atom). Some mixtures contain two or more different compounds. A compound is a substance that is made up of different atoms bonded together. Other mixtures contain elements and compounds. Air is a mixture if elements that includes oxygen, and compounds such as carbon dioxide and soot.
Types Of Mixture
A mixture can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases. For instance, air is a mixture of gases, and sea water is a mixture of salt (a solid) and water (a liquid). A mixture of a solid dissolved in a liquid, such as salt in water, is called a solution. The liquid is called a solvent and the solid is called the solute. A solid that dissolves easily is said to be soluble, while a solid that will not dissolve is insoluble.
A mixture of solid particles floating in a liquid or a gas is called a suspension. Blood, milk and smoke are suspensions.
Mixing Liquids
Liquids that mix easily, such as water and ink, are called miscible liquids. Liquids that do not mix easily, such as oil and water, are said to be immiscible. However, they can be made to mix by adding an emulsifier. An emulsifier makes a liquid, such as oil, break up into minute droplets in another, such as water. The resulting liquid is called an emulsion.
Fizzy drinks are a mixture of two liquids (water and flavouring) and a gas (carbon dioxide). The gas makes the fizzy bubbles. Also, mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil and vinegar. The emulsifier is egg yolk.
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